XspecT.Architecture 1.3.0

XspecT: A fluent unit testing framework

Framework for writing and running automated tests in .Net in a fluent style, based on the popular "Given-When-Then" pattern, built upon XUnit, Moq, AutoMock, AutoFixture and FluentAssertions.

Whether you are beginner or expert in unit-testing, this framework will help you to write more descriptive, concise and maintainable tests.

Usage

It is assumed that you are already familiar with Xunit and Moq, or similar test- and mocking frameworks. This package includes a fluent assertion framework, which is built upon FluentAssertions, but with a less worthy syntax, based on the verb Is instead of Should.

Is-assertions are recommended over Should-assertions for making the tests read more like specifications, listing requirements rather than asserting expected results.

This is an example of a complete test class (specification) with one test method (requirement):

using XspecT.Verification;
using XspecT.Fixture;

using static App.Calculator;

namespace App.Test;

public class CalculatorSpec : StaticSpec<int>
{
    [Fact] public void WhenAdd_1_and_2_ThenSumIs_3() => Given(1, 2).When(Add).Then().Result.Is(3);
}

Test a static method with [Theory]

If you are used to writing one test class per production class and use Theory for test input, you can use a similar style with XspecT. First you create your test-class overriding StaticSpec<[ReturnType]> with the expected return type as generic argument. Then create a test-method, attributed with Theory and InlineData, called When[Something]. This method call Given and When, in any order, to setup the test pipeline with test data and the method to test. Finally verify the result by calling Then().Result (or only Result) on the returned pipeline and check the result with Is.

Example:

using XspecT.Verification;
using XspecT.Fixture;

using static App.Calculator;

namespace App.Test;

public class CalculatorSpec : StaticSpec<int>
{
    [Theory]
    [InlineData(1, 1, 2)]
    [InlineData(3, 4, 7)]
    public void GivenTwoNumbers_WhenAdd_ReturnSum(int term1, int term2, int sum)
        => Given(term1, term2).When(Add).Result.Is(sum);

    [Theory]
    [InlineData(1, 1, 1)]
    [InlineData(3, 4, 12)]
    public void WhenMultiplyThenReturnProduct(int factor1, int factor2, int product)
        => Given(factor1, factor2).When(Multiply).Result.Is(product);
}

Recommended conventions

For more complex and realistic scenarios, it is recommended to create tests in a separate project from the production code, named [MyProject].Spec. The test-project should mimmic the production project's folder structure, but in addition have one folder for each class to test, named as the class. Within that folder, create one test-class per method to test.

Test a static void method

• When testing a static void method, there is no return value to verify in result and by convention the generic TResult parameter is set to object.
• However you can use Throws or NotThrows to verify exceptions thrown.

Example:

namespace MyProject.Test.Validator;

public abstract class WhenVerifyAreEqual : StaticSpec<object>
{
    protected WhenVerifyAreEqual() => When<int, int>(MyProject.Validator.VerifyAreEqual);

    public class Given_1_And_2 : WhenVerifyAreEqual
    {
        [Fact] public void ThenThrows_NotEqual() => Given(1, 2).Then().Throws<NotEqual>();
    }

    public class Given_2_And_2 : WhenVerifyAreEqual
    {
        [Fact] public void ThenDoNotThrow() => Given(2, 2).Then().DoesNotThrow();
    }
}

Test a class with dependencies

• To test an instance method [MyClass].[MyMethod], inherit XspecT.SubjectSpec<[MyClass], TResult>.

• It is recommended practice to create a common baseclass for all tests of [MyClass], named [MyClass]Spec.

• The subject under test (sut) will be created automatically with mocks and default values by AutoMock. You can supply or modify you own constructor arguments by calling Given.

• For each method to test, create an abstract class named When[MyMethod] inheriting [MyClass]Spec in the same way as for static methods.

• To mock behaviour of any dependency, provide the mocking by calling Given<[TheService]>().That(_ => _.[TheMethod](...)).Returns/Throws(). Each call to Given will provide additional arrangement that will be applied on test execution in the inversed order.

• To verify a call to a dependency, write Then<[TheService]>([SomeLambdaExpression]).

• Both mocking and verification of behaviour is based on Moq framework.

Example:

namespace MyProject.Spec.ShoppingService;

public abstract class WhenPlaceOrder : SubjectSpec<MyProject.ShoppingService, object>
{
    protected WhenPlaceOrder() 
        => When(_ => _.PlaceOrder(An<int>()))
        .Given<ICartRepository>().That(_ => _.GetCart(The<int>()))
        .Returns(() => A<Cart>(_ => _.Id = The<int>()));

    [Fact] public void ThenOrderIsCreated() => Then<IOrderService>(_ => _.CreateOrder(The<Cart>()));

    [Fact] public void ThenLogsOrderCreated()
        => Then<ILogger>(_ => _.Information($"OrderCreated from Cart {The<int>()}"));
}

Test async methods

All the examples above also works for async methods, with small modifications.

More examples can be found as Unit tests in the source code.