SourceGenerator.Foundations 2.0.2-GeneratorDiagnosticAnalyzer-.4

SourceGenerator.Foundations

Source Generators are awesome but working with them can be a bit painful. This library is designed to try to smooth out some bumps. To get started using the library just add a nuget reference. Once that is done you will have access to new types contained within your assembly.

Quick Start

To get started all you need to do is add the NuGet package reference. You may or may not have to restart Visual Studio for the new types to show up. Then implement the base class IncrementalGenerator and apply the [SgfGenerator] attribute to your type;

namespace Example
{
    // IncrementalGenerator, is a generated type from `SourceGenerator.Foundations'
    [SgfGenerator]
    public class ExampleSourceGenerator : IncrementalGenerator 
    {
        public ExampleSourceGenerator() : base("ExampleSourceGenerator")
        {
            
        }

        // SgfInitializationContext is a wrapper around IncrementalGeneratorInitializationContext
       protected override void OnInitialize(SgfInitializationContext context)
       {
            // Attaches Visual Studio debugger without prompt 
            AttachDebugger();

            // Writes output to Visual Studios output window
            WriteLine("Hello World");
       }
    }
}

🛈 You don't apply the SourceGenerator attribute or implement the IIncrementalGenerator interface. Behind the scenes Source Generator Foundations is generating a class that will host your generator. This is done so that we can capture all errors and also resolve any type loading.

What is inside?

There is a series of features this library hopes to provide.

Nuget Nightmares

Source generators run in a unique place and their references don't act the same. If you have a source generator that attempts to reference a NuGet package it will fail to be found at runtime. The reason is the source generators need to have their dll's alongside the running process but that also means that the project the generator is running aginst will to. If you look online the best option is to do this:

<ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="13.0.1" GeneratePathProperty="true" PrivateAssets="all" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
    <EmbeddedResource Include="$(PKGNewtonsoft_Json)\lib\netstandard2.0\Newtonsoft.Json.dll" Visible="false" />
</ItemGroup>

This MSBuild logic adds a reference to Newtonsoft.Json version 13.0.1 and sets a few attributes. Using GeneratePathProperty="true" will emit the variable PKGNewtonsoft_Json which points at the root of the NuGet package on disk. Using EmbeddedResource we then give the full path to the dll. When the project is compiled the dlls will be embeded as a resource.

This works well but requires a lot of boilerplate. Even worse is this is just for one package. You would need to repeat this for every dependency and any transitive ones as well. This gets out of hand very fast.

Source.Generator foundations automates this all for you. Just add your NuGet references and nothing else

Logging Framework

Source generator run in the background and it can be very hard to debug. If you want to make a log you have to write the files to disk and open to read them.

With this library we leverage the existing Output window and create an entry for each source generator. This is all done by using some Visaul Studio api. Internally this uses a custom Skin for Serilog.net. Every generator comes with a Logger property allowing you to output any information

Captured Exceptions

When a source generator throws an exception it normally just stops. In the base library we process all exceptions and forward their output to the Source Generator output tab.

# Build Window 
6>CSC : warning CS8032: An instance of analyzer ConsoleApp.SourceGenerator.ConsoleAppSourceGenerator cannot be created from D:\Repositories\SourceGenerator.Foudations\src\Sandbox\ConsoleApp.SourceGenerator\bin\Debug\netstandard2.0\ConsoleApp.SourceGenerator.dll : Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation..

# Source Generator Window 
[13:02:39 ERR] ConsoleApp | Unhandled exception was throw while running the generator ConsoleApp
System.NotImplementedException: The method or operation is not implemented.
   at ConsoleApp.SourceGenerator.ConsoleAppSourceGenerator.PostInit(IncrementalGeneratorPostInitializationContext obj) in D:\Repositories\SourceGenerator.Foudations\src\Sandbox\ConsoleApp.SourceGenerator\ConsoleAppSourceGenerator.cs:line 42
   at SGF.SgfInitializationContext.<>c__DisplayClass19_0.<RegisterPostInitializationOutput>b__0(IncrementalGeneratorPostInitializationContext context) in D:\Repositories\SourceGenerator.Foudations\src\Sandbox\ConsoleApp.SourceGenerator\SourceGenerator.Foundations\SGF.Generators.ScriptInjectorGenerator\SgfInitializationContext.generated.cs:line 106

In this case my source generator just throws NotImplementedException but all details are lost with the build in framework. Using the source generator tab it will give you a full call stack.

This is done by implementing a wrapper around IncrementalGeneratorInitializationContext which is called SgfInitializationContext. This will wrap every single subscription in a try {} catch {} and give details whenever an unhandled exception is thrown.

Debugging

To be able to debug a source generators one of the suggested methods is to add the following.

static CustomSourceGenerator()
{
    Debugger.Launch();
}

This will popup the following window and you have to select your visual studio instance. Instaed with foundations you can just call a single method and break points work from that point on.

Helpers

Included in the project is a series of helper classes to help you while working on your generator.

SGFPath

• Contains methods for normalizing paths which does the following
  • files/../cats → /cats
  • [Windows] files\cats/dogs → \\files\\cats\\dogs
  • [Linux|Mac] files\cats/dogs → /files/cats/dogs
• Combing paths without having to worry about leading or trailing slashes.

How it works

Assembly Resolver

When your source generator runs it needs to find it's dependencies and this is often what fails. When you want to provide external packages you will have to write your own resolve that is able to locate the required assemblies. So instead we have the ScriptInjector inject an implemention for you. This assembly resolver will loop over all the resources in the current assembly and look for all resources that start with SGF.Assembly::. If the assembly being requested to be loaded exists in the resources, it's extracted and loaded into the current appdomain.

You can embed any assemblies you want by adding them to <SGF_EmbeddedAssembly Include="Your Assembly Path"/>

Diagnostic Analyzer

Included with this package is a code analyzer that will be used to catch common mistakes when working with this library.

SGF1001

Has SgfGenerator Attribute

Any class that inherits from IncrementalGenerator is required to have the SgfGenerator attribute applied to it.

// Error 
public class MyGenerator : IncrementalGenerator 
{
    public MyGenerator() : base("MyGenerator")
    {}
}

To fix the error just apply the attribute.

// Fixed 
[SgfGeneratorAttribute]
public class MyGenerator : IncrementalGenerator 
{
    public MyGenerator() : base("MyGenerator")
    {}
}

SGF1002

Prohibit Generator Attribute

If an IncrementalGenerator has the Generator attribute applied it will cause a compiler error. The reason being that the Generator attribute is used on classes that implement IIncrementalGenerator which IncrementalGenerator does not. SGF has it's own attribute to not confuse roslyn. SGFs IncrementalGenerator is run from within a wrapper to help capture exceptions and handle runtime type resolving.

// Error 
[Generator]
public class MyGenerator : IncrementalGenerator 
{
    public MyGenerator() : base("MyGenerator")
    {}
}

To fix the error just remove the attribute.

// Fixed 
public class MyGenerator : IncrementalGenerator 
{
    public MyGenerator() : base("MyGenerator")
    {}
}

SGF1003

Has Default Constructor

IncrementalGenerator require a default constructor so they can be instantiated at runtime. If no constructor is defined the generator will never be run.

// Error 
public class MyGenerator : IncrementalGenerator 
{
    public MyGenerator(string name) : base(name)
    {}
}

Add a default constructor that takes no arguments.

// Fixed 
public class MyGenerator : IncrementalGenerator 
{
    public MyGenerator() : base("MyGenerator")
    {}
}

Project Layout

This library is made up of quite a few different components leveraging various techniques to help make the experience of integrating the library simple. Below I break down the purpose of each project and what they provide to you as the end users.

Source.Generator.Foundations

A very small library that only appears to contain a C# analyzer for adding errors and warnings when trying to use this library. However once compiled this dll will have embedded as a resource every other project that is needed during compilation.

Source.Generator.Foundations.Contracts

Contains common classes and utility methods that can be leveraged by source generators.

Source.Generator.Foundations.MSBuild

Contains a custom MSBuild C# target implementation used to figure out which assemblies should be embedded as resources and which should be ignored. For example this will not embed any resources that are part of .netstandard.

Source.Generator.Foundations.Shared

A shared project that every project that references this will have the files copied to it.