ApiSurface 4.1.4

ApiSurface

<picture> <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="logos/text-white.png"> <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="logos/text-darkblue.png"> <img alt="ApiSurface logo: a minimalistic cube, dimetric projection, composed of three stacked layers which are joined at some edges so as to suggest the letter S. The visible parts of the stacked layers inside the cube are light blue; the outer surface is white in dark mode, or dark blue in light mode. To the right is the text 'ApiSurface' in the same colour as the cube's exterior." src="logos/text-darkblue.png"> </picture>

This library provides several modules for ensuring the consistency and documentation coverage of an F# assembly's public API. It also integrates with NerdBank.GitVersioning to help you adhere to Semantic Versioning principles.

Quick-start overview

(A more fully worked example appears later in this README.)

By the end of this overview, you have:

• automatically populated a file with a listing of your assembly's public API surface;
• run a test to assert that your assembly conforms to the API surface in that listing;
• run a test to assert that your assembly's public API surface is fully documented;
• run a test to assert that your assembly's version number differs from that in any accessible NuGet repositories by an acceptable amount.

1. Create an empty SurfaceBaseline.txt file next to your assembly's .fsproj file. (.csproj files are not officially supported, but have been observed to work.)
2. Add an <EmbeddedResource Include="SurfaceBaseline.txt" /> entry to that .fsproj file.
3. Similarly, place a version.json file next to your project, using the NerdBank.GitVersioning format, and include it as an EmbeddedResource.
4. Add tests asserting that, for example, ApiSurface.assertIdentical (assemblyUnderTest : Assembly). (See this repository's ApiSurface.Test.TestSurface for a more precise example.)
5. Run ApiSurface.writeAssemblyBaseline (assemblyUnderTest : Assembly), to populate the empty SurfaceBaseline.txt file you made earlier. (See this repository's ApiSurface.Test.TestSurface.)
6. Observe that ApiSurface.assertIdentical assembly, ApiSurface.assertFullyDocumented assembly, and MonotonicVersion.validate assembly "NuGet.PackageName" all now run without throwing.

The modules of ApiSurface

ApiSurface module

The ApiSurface module enforces that the public API surface does not change. The public API is serialised in a 'SurfaceBaseline.txt' file that is embedded in the assembly. Unit tests can then ensure that the API surface of the assembly under test matches that which is encoded in the baseline text file.

You can use ApiSurface.writeAssemblyBaseline to manually update the SurfaceBaseline.txt file. Common practice is to call this function inside a unit test which is marked Explicit - this ensures that the public API is easy to update with a single click, but that it is not accidentally extended (or reduced) simply by running your normal tests.

DocCoverage module

The DocCoverage module provides a function to ensure that the entirety of the public API surface is documented. Note that there are some exceptions to this rule:

• Class constructors never need to be documented. These tend to never be more useful than 'Instantiates the type' anyway.
• All discriminated union case constructors have to be documented.
• Modules which have the same name as a type do not have to be documented. It is self-explanatory that the module simply contains function that construct/act upon the type they are named after.

It is possible to explicitly annotate a type or member as not needing documentation by adding the [<Undocumented>] attribute. When applied to a type, all members of that type inherit the [<Undocumented>] attribute. This can be overridden with [<Undocumented(MembersInherit=false)>].

MonotonicVersion module

The MonotonicVersion module provides a function to ensure that the version field in the version.json file is always increasing. This check can fail if a change which increments the major or minor version is reverted.

Semantic Versioning

Along with monitoring a project's public API, this library can be used to encourage semantic versioning. When running the explicit test (see below) to update a project's SurfaceBaseline file, the test will also look for a version.json file (in the same location as the SurfaceBaseline file). If the version.json file is not found, an error will be raised. If the version.json file is found, the version.json file will be updated with a newer version using the following logic (from https://semver.org/):

• MAJOR version is incremented when backwards incompatible API changes are detected (i.e. API members are changed or removed)
• MINOR version is incremented when added backwards-compatible functionality changes are detected (i.e. API members are added only)

If no API changes are detected, the version will not be incremented by the test. If you are using NerdBank.GitVersioning then the PATCH version will be incremented as required for any change, in combination with the above.

Important! This isn't intended to replace a real human thinking about the version number. Breaking behaviour changes (without API changes) still require a major version bump, but no tool can make this judgement for you; ApiSurface only detects the most obvious cases, where the API surface has changed.

There are not any currently known changes you can make to the API surface of your library that "should" be recognisably major version bumps but which do not result in ApiSurface flagging the change. Please raise an issue if you find one.

Different API surfaces on different frameworks

ApiSurface supports the rare situation of APIs which are different between .NET Framework and .NET Core, or between different versions of the .NET runtime. Instead of giving the default SurfaceBaseline.txt file, you can override any given framework with one or more specially-named SurfaceBaseline-FRAMEWORKNAME.txt files; for example, SurfaceBaseline-Net5.txt or SurfaceBaseline-NetFramework.txt.

Note that ApiSurface.writeAssemblyBaseline will only write a SurfaceBaseline.txt, and it will only do so for the currently-executing framework. If you wish to make this specific to .NET Framework or .NET Core, you should then manually rename the file.

For the complete list of supported frameworks and file names, see the private frameworkBaselineFile : string in the ApiSurface module.

Compatibility notes

This project is untested on older versions of the .NET Framework and of .NET Core; check the GitHub Actions test matrix to see the platforms on which the tests run.

Fully worked end-to-end example

Assumptions for this example:

• You have set up a project defining a namespace MyLibrary;
• You have set up a unit test project with a reference to that project, using NUnit;
• Your library defines a type called SomeDefinedType;
• Your library is published to a NuGet repository as MyCompany.MyLibraryNuGetPackage.
• After integration with ApiSurface, you are happy to let NerdBank.GitVersioning handle your version numbers.

If you are using a different test framework, you will need to adjust the test file accordingly.

If you are not currently publishing your library to NuGet, then you should skip the "Ensure version is monotonic" test.

SurfaceBaseline.txt

Create an empty file called SurfaceBaseline.txt next to your main project file. This example will eventually use ApiSurface to populate that file.

version.json

Create a file called version.json next to your main project file, in the NerdBank.GitVersioning format. (Currently only a subset of this format is actually supported; see this repository's VersionFile.fs for the precise schema.)

{
  "version": "1.0",
  "publicReleaseRefSpec": [
    "^refs/heads/main$"
  ],
  "pathFilters": null
}

If your release branch is called something other than main, or you use release tags instead, then adjust the publicReleaseRefSpec accordingly. Similarly, if an updated version of your library should be published only when certain files within the repository change, set pathFilters to a list of Git pathspecs.

Within the main project file

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Compile Include="MyLibrary.fs" />
    
    <EmbeddedResource Include="SurfaceBaseline.txt" />
    <EmbeddedResource Include="version.json" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

If you are multi-targetting and you wish for different SurfaceBaseline.txt files for each target, you should generate SurfaceBaseline files for each target (renaming them to follow the naming schema as described in this README's description of the ApiSurface module), and include them all in the project file.

Within the unit test project

Add a reference to the ApiSurface NuGet package. Then create a new test file (here we've chosen the name TestSurface.fs) within your test project, with the following contents:

namespace MyLibrary.Test

open NUnit.Framework
open ApiSurface


[<TestFixture>]
module TestSurface =

    let assembly = typeof<MyLibrary.SomeDefinedType>.Assembly

    [<Test>]
    let ``Ensure API surface has not been modified`` () =
        ApiSurface.assertIdentical assembly

    [<Test; Explicit>]
    let ``Update API surface`` () =
        ApiSurface.writeAssemblyBaseline assembly

    [<Test>]
    let ``Ensure public API is fully documented`` () =
        DocCoverage.assertFullyDocumented assembly

    [<Test>]
    let ``Ensure version is monotonic`` () =
        MonotonicVersion.validate assembly "MyCompany.MyLibraryNuGetPackage"